Introduction
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, commonly known as PCOS is a
hormonal disorder that affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age
worldwide. Despite its commonality, many women are still unaware of PCOS, how
it manifests, and its long-term implications for their health. It is important
to discuss it, especially before September ends since it is marked as PCOS
Awareness Month. It is a crucial time to discuss and spread awareness about
this condition to women everywhere.
This guide will cover some of the medical and lifestyle
aspects of PCOS. By being aware of the condition, you can help yourself or
someone close to you manage their symptoms effectively, while also improving
their quality of life.
So, what is PCOS?
PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is a complex hormonal
disorder that affects the ovaries, reproductive hormones, and insulin in the
body. As the name polycystic suggests, the condition is that of many small
cysts found in the ovaries. While this is not such an evident symptom, some of
the more noticeable symptoms of PCOS include irregular periods, weight gain,
acne and oily skin, excess hair growth, and infertility.
These symptoms disrupt the normal bodily and hormonal
functions. According to WHO, PCOS is one of the most common causes of infertility,
yet it goes unnoticed and undiagnosed for years due to a lack of awareness and
diagnostic tools especially in developing countries.
Even though irregular periods, weight gain, acne and oily
skin, excess hair growth, and infertility are the most prominent symptoms, PCOS
can also impact a woman’s emotional well-being and in turn, contribute to
anxiety and depression. Studies have shown that the biological and
psychological effects of PCOS can lead to mental health challenges and social
stigma.
What causes PCOS?
The exact cause of PCOS remains unknown but some of the
factors likely to contribute to it include:
Insulin Resistance: Most women with PCOS likely have
insulin resistance, where their cells don’t respond well to insulin- the
hormone that regulates blood sugar. The higher the insulin levels, the more the
ovaries produce more androgens, and in turn, end up disrupting normal
ovulation.
Hormonal Imbalance: Higher levels of luteinizing hormone
and androgens e.g. testosterone are often found in women with PCOS. These high
levels interrupt the estrogen-progesterone balance, therefore leading to
symptoms such as irregular periods.
Genetics: PCOS is suggested to run in genetics. Most women
coming from a family with a history of PCOS are at a higher risk of developing
the condition.
Early diagnosis and treatment of PCOS are essential in
managing it and preventing long-term complications such as type 2 diabetes,
heart disease, and endometrial cancer. WHO emphasizes the need for better awareness and
healthcare interventions to diagnose and treat PCOS.
Managing PCOS
While there might be no cure for PCOS, symptoms can be
managed through lifestyle changes with the focus being on nutrition and
movement.
With nutrition, a balanced diet focusing on how to
stabilize blood sugar levels is an effective way to manage PCOS. Women with
PCOS should focus on eating whole unprocessed foods, limit refined sugars and
processed carbs, and finally ensure they add more fiber-rich foods to their
diet. With these small consistent diet choices and changes, one can see
differences in their energy levels and overall well-being.
With movement, we all know that it is good for us all to
keep healthy. Regular physical activity is necessary for managing PCOS symptoms
by helping with weight management and boosting moods. One can focus on cardio
exercises such as walking, cycling, and swimming or focus on strength training
exercises such as weightlifting. These can help burn extra calories while
improving hormonal balance in women with PCOS.
Conclusion
PCOS comes with its challenges, but with the right
information, lifestyle adjustment, and support, women can manage the condition
and lead enjoyable lives. A balanced diet, regular exercise and focus on mental
health can greatly improve the quality of life and help women take control of
their health.
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